Odile Decq, French Architect for the 21st Century

Odile Decq, French Architect for the 21st Century Odile Decq (brought into the world July 18, 1955, in Laval, east of Brittany in France) and Benoã ®t Cornette have been called structures first awesome couple. Attired in Gothic dark, Decqs nontraditional individual appearance fit well with the couples inquisitive have a great time design experimentation with space, metals, and glass. After Cornette was slaughtered in a 1998 car crash, Decq proceeded with their insubordinate engineering and urban arranging business. All alone, Decq keeps on winning honors and commissions, demonstrating to the world that she was consistently an equivalent accomplice and an ability in her own right. Also shes kept the out of control look and dark clothing every one of these years. Decq earned a Diploma in Architecture from the Ecole dArchitecture de Paris-La Villette UP6 (1978) and a Diploma in Urbanism and Planning from Institut dã‰tudes Politiques de Paris (1979). She rehearsed in Paris alone and afterward in 1985 in organization with Benoã ®t Cornette. After Cornettes passing, Decq ran Odile Decq Benoã ®t Cornette Architectes-Urbanistes (ODBC Architects) for the following 15 years, rebranding herself in 2013 as Studio Odile Decq. Since 1992, Decq has kept up a relationship with Ecole Spã ©ciale dArchitecture in Paris as an educator and executive. In 2014, Decq was not threatened to dispatch another school of design. Called Confluence Institute for Innovation and Creative Strategies in Architecture and situated in Lyon, France, the engineering program is worked around the crossing point of five topical fields: neurosciences, new advances, social activity, visual workmanship, and material science. The Confluence program, merging old and new subjects of study, is an educational plan by and for the 21st century. Juncture is additionally a urban advancement task of Lyon, France, where the waterways Rhone and Saone join. Well beyond the entirety of the engineering planned and worked by Odile Decq, the Confluence Institute may turn into her inheritance. Decq cases to have no specific impact or ace, yet she acknowledges designers and their works, including Frank Lloyd Wright and Mies van der Rohe. She says ...they were creating what they called the free arrangement, and I was keen on this thought and how you go through an arrangement without having diverse explained space.... Specific structures that have affected her reasoning incorporate Community of La Tourette (Lyon France) by Le CorbusierLa Sagrada Familia (Barcelona, Spain) by Antoni Gaudà ­A solid pinnacle at the Jewish Museum (Berlin, Germany) by Daniel Libeskind In some cases I am simply intrigued by structures, and I am envious about thoughts communicated through these structures. Wellspring of citation: Odile Decq Interview, designboom, january 22, 2011 [Accessed July 14, 2013] Chosen Architecture: 1990: Banque Populaire de lOuest (BPO) organization building, Rennes, France (ODBC)2004: L. Gallery in Neuhaus, Austria2010: MACRO Museum of Contemporary Art, new wing, Rome, Italy2011: Phantom Restaurant, first café in Quite a while Paris Opã ©ra House2012: FRAC Bretagne, Museum for Contemporary Art, Les Fonds Rã ©gionaux dArt Contemporain (FRAC), Bretagne, France2015: Saint-Ange Residence, Seyssins, France2015: Confluence Institute School of Architecture, Lyon, France2016: Le Cargo, Paris In Her Own Words: I attempt to disclose to young ladies that rehearsing design is truly convoluted and its exceptionally hard, yet its conceivable. I found at an early stage that to be a modeler you must have a smidgen of ability and a limit of assurance and not center around the entanglements.- A discussion with: Odile Decq, Architectural Record, June 2013,  © 2013 McGraw Hill Financial. All Rights Reserved. [Accessed July 9, 2013] Engineering, from a specific perspective, is a war. Its an extreme calling where you generally need to battle. You must have incredible endurance. I propped up on the grounds that I began filling in as a group with Benoã ®t who helped, upheld and pushed me to head out in my own direction. He regarded me as an equivalent, fortified my own determination to stand up for myself, follow my own tendency and be as I needed to be. I likewise tell understudies and rehash at meetings that you need a decent portion of foolishness to go not far off of design in such a case that you are excessively mindful of the troubles the calling involves, you may never start. You need to continue battling however without truly comprehending what the battle is. Frequently this wildness is viewed as indiscretion. That is off-base; its unadulterated foolishness †something that is socially adequate for men, yet not yet for ladies.- Interview with Odile Decq by Alessandra Orlandoni, The Plan Magazine, Octob er 7 2005[theplan.it/J/index.php?optioncom_contentviewarticleid675%3Ainte%0Arvista-an odile-decq-Itemid141langen got to July 14, 2013] ...remain inquisitive for your entire life. To find, to believe that the world is sustaining you, and engineering, yet the world and society around you is feeding you, so you must be interested. You need to consistently be interested about what will occur on the planet later, and to be ravenous forever, and to appreciate in any event, when its hard work....you must have the option to face challenges. I need you to be bold. I need you to have thoughts, to take a position....- Odile Decq Interview, designboom, january 22, 2011 [Accessed July 14, 2013] Find out More: Odile Decq Benoã ®t Cornette by Clare Melhuish, Phaidon, 1998Architecture in France by Philip Jodidio, 2006 Extra Sources: Studio Odile Decq site at www.odiledecq.com/; RIBA International Fellows 2007 Citation, Odile Decq, RIBA site; Odile Decq Benoã ®t Cornette - ODBC : Architects by adrian welch/isabelle lomholt at e-draftsman; ODILE DECQ, BENOIT CORNETTE, Architectes, Urbanistes, Euran Global Culture Networks; Designer Bio, Beijing International Design Triennial 2011 [Websites got to July 14, 2013]

Walmart Canada Company Overview

Presentation Walmart Canada was built up in 1994. Its beginning was because of the breakdown of Woolo, an auxiliary of Woolo Canada, which was redesigned and given a Walmart flag. Notwithstanding having its spot, Walmart Canada likewise held all the previous workers of Woolo. This at that point denoted the start of activities for this organization. Walmart Canada has since developed significantly and has risen fruitful in the board, promoting, administration arrangement and expansion.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Walmart Canada Company Overview explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Walmart Canada has many rebate stores dispersed all over Canada and its environs. Their sizes differ from 51000 up to 15000 square feet. The stores house general product and a wide assortment of nourishments stuffs. Notwithstanding the food, the greater part of these stores likewise have; Pharmacy Garden focus Tire and lube express One hour photograph preparing lab B ank office Portrait studio Optical focus Fast food outlet Limited staple outlets The Walmart Canada rebate stores incorporate full help markets that have poultry and meat, pastry shops, solidified nourishments, garden items, dairy produce, shop and fish. Notwithstanding these, the vast majority of the rebate stores additionally have drug stores, pet shops and nursery focuses. The stores guarantee that their customers are given essentially every help they may require once they visit. This is a clever method of bridling all the business openings that may exist when a customer visits these outlets. This came about because of considering the business sectors and assessing the particular needs of customers and their assurance to have every one of their necessities gave at just one stop. In the wake of assessing all the particular needs of customers, the stores started offering other beneficial administrations like video rentals, distributing of mobile phones and hair and nail administrat ions. A lot of niche shops likewise jumped up around the stores to catch that advertise as well. On the eighth of November, 2006, the idea of Walmart Supercenter was presented in Canada. This idea had prevailing in the United States of America. This was the motivation behind why it was brought to Canada since there were extraordinary odds of its endurance and ensuing accomplishment here. Similarly as was estimated, the idea developed quickly as it pulled in a mind-boggling horde of clients. Inside two or three years after creation, the idea had just carried tremendous benefits to the partnership. Body Walmart Canada grasps nature of administrations, development and express consumer loyalty. All the merchandise and enterprises gave in its stores are actually what its customers need. This suggests the stores catch a wide scope of the accessible markets in an offer to boost on their net revenues. This is done through viable market study and excellent administrative aptitudes that utili ze the accessible assets to catch a decent level of the piece of the overall industry. Many have thought about how the association figures out how to deal with the wide scope of administrations while enlisting enormous benefits in the process.Advertising Looking for article on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The association deals with this by giving specific consideration to its administration of activities. It centers around various key elements incorporating representative preparing in an offer to outfit their laborers with uncommon abilities to deal with their customers and offer express types of assistance to every one of them. This association likewise grasps the use of innovation which has a wide scope of advantages. It utilizes innovation for the executives effectiveness and amusement as well. Supreme consumer loyalty is the key thought behind creation new clients and holding existing ones . Consequently, Walmart Canada utilizes innovation to speak to all the five faculties of its customers (Jones, Robinson, 2012). As a method of guaranteeing proficiency, Walmart isolated all its dramatic open zones from its behind the stage operational territories. This restricts the conflicting of interests between its customers and representatives in the tasks. Ceaseless improvement of nature of administrations and merchandise has guaranteed that the organization not just remains the favored decision for its customers yet additionally the main among contenders. Furthermore, the organization has additionally put a lot of exertion in tuning in to client grievances and this has driven the association to more noteworthy victories. The company’s operational administration Company’s operational administration is the key segment of the association as it is accused of basic administration and dynamic jobs. The three most significant issues identified with this piece of the as sociation are cost, quality and effectiveness. All its resulting jobs rotate around the three key issues. For example, the activities the executives of the organization centers around structuring administrations, products and the procedures of executing them. It is additionally accused of the duty of dealing with the procedures of executing obligations and proceeded with headway of procedures, products and ventures (Christopher, 2005). Tasks chiefs of this association are very huge in the administration of gracefully chains, guaging, innovation choice and buying. They likewise assume a basic job in quality affirmation limit and asset the board, and procedure plan. Also, the supervisors do booking and occupation plan for the association. All these region planned for thinking of the most practical and beneficial business concept.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Walmart Canada Company Overview explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The organization, th rough the activities the board, comprehends the noteworthiness of the best possible administration of merchandise and ventures. For example, it sees how quality merchandise and acceptable administrations mix to concoct the most exhaustive item blend. Its administration the board fuses HR, promoting and activities capacities. This is done in an offer to make, design and pass on administrations and products in the most palatable way. The organization likewise guarantees that every one of its administrations and merchandise have their snapshots of truth (Jones, Robinson, 2012). This suggests any experience clients have with the organization, be it in exchange or in any of the conveyance frameworks, guarantees that they are intrigued. Other customary yet significant methods used to modify visitor involvement with the stores incorporate a genial greeting to the premises by representatives and workers who appear to be too anxious to even consider offering their assistance. The organizatio n has additionally put resources into customer advantage bundles. These are not essential to essential administrations and merchandise of this association yet are intended to simply improve them. They incorporate online client service administrations and check cards. The company’s worth and gracefully chains Just like each other association, the sole motivation behind this organization is to offer an incentive to the two its partners and customers. Worth might be portrayed as the affectability of advantages offered by merchandise and ventures to the two purchasers and venders. In this manner, esteem is seen as the evaluated benefits in contrast with the expense to customers. It is, along these lines, significant that organizations like this have a high proportion of significant worth with the goal that both the business and its customers acquire most extreme fulfillment (Christopher, 2005). Walmart Canada has figured a couple of techniques to guarantee that its worth proporti on is kept up at the most elevated level conceivable. For example, it has attempted to build its apparent benefits while putting its costs at a steady. It has likewise attempted to decrease its costs on certain administrations and products in an offer to build its apparent advantages. This isn't just valuable to its clients yet to its partners. Notwithstanding the procedures, the association has additionally guaranteed that its worth chains are maintained with truthfulness and particularly high caliber. This chain starts from the organization’s providers that are accused of the duty of giving contributions to the organization. The organization at that point changes over the contributions to esteem included administrations and products through its offices, cash, data and work (Jones, Robinson, 2012). As a method of boosting on benefits, the organization has considered redistributing a portion of its merchandise and ventures. The administration of the organization assesses all the overall revenues gave by for all intents and purposes all the merchandise and ventures created and offered inside the organization.Advertising Searching for paper on business financial matters? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More This is planned for assessing the legitimacy and feasibility of in-house creation of the merchandise and enterprises when contrasted with their redistributing. If a few merchandise or administrations are seen as savvy when created by providers, the administration at that point contracts other specialist co-ops to offer to them the administrations or products. The company’s execution estimates It is significant that a major association like Walmart Canada assesses its presentation all the time (Jones, Robinson, 2012). There are a lot of classifications that structure the premise of the assessment of authoritative exhibition. These incorporate funds, quality, time, client and market, advancement and learning, adaptability and maintainability. As a business association, money related measure is organized at Walmart Canada. The fundamental measures here incorporate income, pretax net revenue, utilization of advantages, development, return on ventures and profit per share. Market a nd client measures may consolidate customer fulfillment, customer accounts, customer protests, saw worth and normal customer maintenance. Walmart Canada has a customer satisfaction framework that gives customer rating on merchandise and ventures. This framework is intended to show the connection between the rates as introduced by customers and the clients’ probabilit

20+ Sites To Download Subtitles for Movies and TV Series

20+ Sites To Download Subtitles for Movies and TV Series Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!20+ Sites To Download Subtitles for Movies and TV SeriesUpdated On 06/04/2019Author : Pradeep KumarTopic : ResourcesShort URL : http://hbb.me/2ozc9AF CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogEarlier I prepared a simple tutorial for watching movies and TV Series with subtitles.You can try this simple tutorial if you are not aware of syncing subtitles with media player.Movies For Geeks Bloggers : What Bloggers Geeks Can Learn From MoviesMovies Based On Robotics And MachinesUpdated List Of Movies Based On Computers And TechnologyIn this article Im going to share 20+ Cool websites for downloading subtitles for movies (including DivX, DVD, HDTV and other HD formats) and TV Series. 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The Cultural Competency Of The Workers And The Agency

If I were the child protective services worker that was working and involved with the Krasniqi family I would have done several things differently. There are several themes and concepts in this case that should have been dealt with differently than how they were. In particular there are three that I would reexamine first. I would reexamine and address the cultural competency of the workers and the agency. Next I would reexamine the religious competency of the works as well as the agency. I would also look into alternative placements for these children to go to. Within this essay I will examine certain mistakes that were made by child protective services and law enforcement. One of the main concerns that should have been managed or handled differently would be the cultural competency of the agency and the workers that were involved in this family’s case. The Krasniqi immediate family included: Sam the father who is from Kosovo, Kathy the mother who is also from Kosovo, Tim Kath y and Sam’s son who was born in the United States, and Lima Kathy and Sam’s daughter who was born in the United States. The region in Kosovo that Kathy and Sam are from is culturally different than the United States. In Kosovo they cling to a values system with archaic roots. By this I mean they still practice arranged marriages, several generations cohabitate, the concepts of honor and shame are integral to this subculture, and men’s and women’s lives are lived in separate social settings. The eventShow MoreRelatedCultural Sensitivity in Social Work Essay1522 Words   |  7 Pagessocial workers become knowledgeable about their clients’ cultures and are culturally sensitive. In learning about their clients’ cultures, social workers need to be aware of how powerful and significant culture is in relating to clients’ behavior, values, and beliefs. Becoming culturally competent requires the ability to integrate awareness, knowledge, an d skills while maintaining a positive working relationship with the client (Sue and Zane, 1987). Today, the concerns regarding cultural competencyRead MoreCultural Competency And Social Work Practice1098 Words   |  5 PagesThe BusinessDictionary.com defines cultural competency as, â€Å"A set of behaviors, policies, and attitudes which form a system or agency which allows cross-cultural groups to effectively work professionally in situations. This includes human behaviors, languages, communications, actions, values, religious beliefs, social groups, and ethic perceptions. Individuals are competent to function on their own and within an organization where multi-cultural situations will be present† (2016). Our communitiesRead MoreCulture can include, but is not limited to ethnicity, spiritual belief, tribal affiliations,1400 Words   |  6 Pagesculturally competent care, acknowledging the importance of culture and the expansion of cultural knowledge and the adaptation of services to meet culturally unique needs. When looking at Description of the relevance and relationship between culture/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and cultural competence When considering health, it is vital we identify the relevance and relationships between culture, cultural competence and socioeconomic status and how they may affect an individual in receiving appropriateRead MoreThe Human Service Program Essay1090 Words   |  5 PagesProgram can be just a stepping stone for most of the jobs out there and how much need there really is for this field. The skills I possessed prior to the course that were strengthened during participation in class would have to be hoe respected social workers are. I have to say I respected my therapist immensely. I can say we didn’t always agree on everything, but there was a mutual respect factor. I believe I would not be where I am without my therapist. He made me believe I can become a better personRead MoreInformed Consent : Children s Protective Services1352 Words   |  6 PagesInformed Consent Children’s Protective Services (DHHS) are very systematic on providing consent forms, agency policies, agency and court procedures, and child protection manuals to respondent(s). When an allegation is made, an investigator will reach out to the respondent(s)via phone or visit. During the investigation the respondent(s) is giving a child protection law handbook that explains the entire process, parental rights, court process, parent and attorney responsibilities, foster care, andRead MoreCase Study : Elaines Challenge1122 Words   |  5 PagesElaine’s Challenge Elaine has taken on a great challenge in making positive changes within this agency which will ultimately create an environment in which the traumatized child clients can grow and change for the better. It is a given that she will experience added stress as an administrator of an agency with so many problems. How we respond to the inherent stress of this work eventually impacts the quality of intervention we provide to children and adolescents (Steele, 2012). This is certainlyRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography : Supervision And Staff Development1750 Words   |  7 Pages Oriana Golfarini March 8th, 2016 Introduction: Multicultural according to dictionary.com â€Å"representing several different cultures or cultural elements.† Multiculturalism is vital in the social work profession and especially in supervision because everyone involved (supervisor, supervisee, and client) cultural backgrounds and assumptions are taken into account. Creating a space for multicultural supervision allows for everyone to learn from each other. Multicultural supervisionRead MoreEssay On Access Program1395 Words   |  6 Pagesand their parents’ education on how to apply for college, test preparation, and tutoring services, OCAP is proven to be a necessity within the community. Volunteering with OCAP is educating, enlightening, and fulfilling, and as a potential social worker it has been a significant experience. The Office of College Access Programs is a nonprofit organization that consists of five different units all aimed to better disadvantage children in a chance at a post-secondary education. These programs are 21stRead MoreThe Department Of Health Care Services1272 Words   |  6 Pagessocial worker, office assistant, data entry, and volunteer or students. Is it a public, nonprofit, or for-profit organization? Valley Caregiver Resource Center is a non-profit organization that had been serving Fresno, Madera, Tulare, Kings, Merced, Stanislaus, Mariposa, Kern, and Tuolumne for over 30 years. VCRC is publicly funded and also receives donations. All the donation the agency received goes toward the services VCRC provides. VCRC has two main funding to help their clients. The agency receivedRead MoreThe Ten Bsw Program Competencies Help Student Students Analyze And Evaluate Professional Development1638 Words   |  7 Pages The ten BSW program competencies help BSW students analyze and evaluate professional development. These ten competencies help social work students learn and integrate the NASW Code of Ethics into the classroom and field. The first competency based on identifying as a professional social worker requires constant self- reflection to ensure the NASW Code of Ethics are being followed, and to continue to develop as a professional. I consider self-reflection to be strength of min e as I log each day,

Accuracy Of The And How Fast A Person Can Complete A...

Speed-Accuracy Tradeoff in Mathematics Unjanee’ Wright Wright State University Psychology 3020L-05 TA: Joseph Glavan The purpose of this study is to determine how accurate, and how fast a person can complete a certain amount of math problems within only a few mins; then, determine how this relates to stress. It is important to see how much mathematics a student knows, and how the pressure affects them. Doing this study could decrease students’ anxiety levels when it comes to taking a mathematics test in a timely manner. Stress is defined as your body’s way of responding to any kind of demand, or the feelings we have when under pressure. Speed-Accuracy Tradeoff is defined as taking your time and only making a few errors, or responding quickly and making more errors. In the manuscript, I will be discussing why I am conducting this study. I will discuss previous studies that has already been done, and how my current study relates to the previous studies. I will be discussing the methods and procedures used for my study, and the results after conducting my study. I will also provide a discussion of my study as well as the implications. Literature Review Ashcraft and Krause (2007) examined if math anxiety has something to do with a decline in math performance. The researchers collected scores from eighty undergraduates on a math-anxiety test, and a standard math achievement test. The two tests were compared, but the standard math achievement test was rescored by aShow MoreRelatedUnit Examination on Math Essay1366 Words   |  6 PagesComplete certainty, what exactly does that mean? It seems to imply that we are able to know something without doubtfulness. In fact, it seems to be saying that it is a justified true belief. But what makes a complete certainty complete and certain. To understand this we must first understand and grasp what the two areas of knowledge of mathematics and the natural sciences say they accomplish this goal. We must first understand what makes something a complete certainty to the scientists andRead MoreIntelligence Accuracy : Intelligence Test Accuracy1800 Words   |  8 PagesIntelligence Test Accuracy Bailee Thomas Intelligence Test Accuracy Comparing Intelligence Assessments The International High IQ Society Test is a very short, simple test to take. The test had a total of eight questions and consisted of shapes and pattern assessments. In my opinion, anyone could be able to complete the International High IQ Society Test since no reading is necessary. To complete the IQTest however, the tester has to be extremely more literate to complete the test. The IQTestRead MoreEssay on Effects of Music on the Mind3499 Words   |  14 Pageslearn, the more powerful they can become. It is the speed at which people learn that separates the geniuses from the average people and from the learning disabled. Geniuses dont run into problems while learning, because they learn very fast. It is everyone else that could really use help. One solid way to increase the speed at which people learn is with music. People learn through music and their minds grow faster because of it. Some music, when implemented properly, can have positive effects on learningRead MoreMcdonalds Australia Human Resources7719 Words   |  31 Pages six crew trainers and 28 crew members The McDonalds organisation is committed to QSC – quality, service and cleanliness. In doing this they are striving towards gaining trust and respect from their customers. The restaurant chain primarily sells fast and convenient foods such as hamburgers, fries, chicken products and desserts, but also caters for the health conscience by delivering heart tick approved meals and deli choice options. As part of their marketing mix they have differentiate themselvesRead MoreFace Recognition Using Opencv and C#4178 Words   |  17 Pagessuccessful applications of image analysis and algorithm based understanding. Because of the intrinsic nature of the problem, computer vision is not only a computer science area of research, but also the object of neuro-scientific and psychological studies, mainly because of the general opinion that advances in computer image processing and understanding research will provide insights into how our brain work and vice versa. Because of general curiosi ty and interest in the matter, the author has proposedRead MoreD2 Unit 2 Computer systems3201 Words   |  13 Pagesdifferences, and these can vary quite a bit, such as the language people use e.g. English people say Chips compared to Americans who say Fries†. A businessman may find himself in the middle of cultural differences quite often and thus, will have to devise methods as to how to make sure no one is offended or that he is fully understood. Certain methods he would use to overcome such issues are greeting people on a last name basis. 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The Cultural Barriers Of China - 1454 Words

Different from Western countries, China has in the past had a planned economy. Even with its transition to a market economy, it still lags behind the Western countries in labor regulations, policies and professionalism of its workforce. Furthermore, several cultural obstacles hinder firms from adopting Western HR approaches fully. For instance, employee participation is not entrenched in the workplace despite being a trait of high performance in HR department. In approaching China, awareness of several cultural norms and values is necessary. Some of the most critical include the concept of face and harmony creation. Face-saving receives priority in China and it relates to respect, dignity and social role of an individual. Loos of face is taken serious and can take place when one declines a business or social function based on a weak pretext, refuses a present or is too independent. Trust and personal relationship are paramount aspects in China (Lee, 2007). Power and rank inherently pervades in all aspects of life in China. Chinese exhibit Confucian values in which the family is viewed as paramount and hierarchy and respect of positions of authority are entrenched firmly. In communication, managers in China are expected to communicate with their boss, subordinates and peers in the same manner they would communicate with their parents, children and brothers/sisters respectively. Teamwork among the Chinese calls for a strong leader. The role of leadership is exclusivelyShow MoreRelatedThe Conflict Between China And The United States1386 Words   |  6 Pagestheory of the â€Å"clash of civilizations† through cultural divisions in the context of the increasing global conflict between China and The United States. In essence, the â€Å"clash of civilizations† between China and the United States will be primarily based on the problem of cultural hegemony in the 21st century struggle for global dominance between these two modern nation states. 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American Industrial Worker Essay Sample free essay sample

Analyze the impact of any TWO of the following on the American industrial worker between 1865 and 1900. The industrial revolution had been made known all over the universe. doing immense moving ridges of immigrants to crash into urban metropoliss of the United States. Because of this. many mills sprang up and a typical American industrial worker had to confront jobs because of in-migration and besides labour brotherhoods. which were created in order to protect factory workers from unjust foremans. Immigration was seen as a pro for concern and mill proprietors for they were hungry for occupations and would take any no affair how small the wage. These immigrants were seen as famished job-stealing people that made the spread in between foremans and their employers even bigger. Most Americans did non believe it was just to hold non indigens take their occupations and land. Since there were so many immigrants during this clip. mill workers were seen as objects that could be replaced any minute. If an American mill worker was to kick about his wage cut. so he could easy be fired and replaced by an Irish immigrant. Employers could utilize many methods to set down rebellious behaviour. They could utilize the yellow-dog contract. which was an understanding between the employer and the employee that the employee may non fall in any brotherhoods. Employers could besides utilize the black book method. which was a secret list where an employee’s name would be added on if they had complained and quit and this list would be passed around to employers of other mills. vouching the individual unemployment. In utmost instances. federal military personnels could be called in to coerce the workers to work. Immigrants besides emphasized the thought of nativism to the American people. Nativists wanted immigrants to travel back to their fatherland because they did non belong in the States. In 1882. the authorities passes the Chinese Exclusion Act which restricted Chinese immigrants from come ining the United States. The authorities excluded the Chinese foremost because it was harder for them to absorb into American society because of their physical visual aspects and cultur al differences. Irish and Germans had a much easier clip intermixing in while the Chinese stuck out. Immigration besides caused favoritism. In the fabric Millss. where most adult females work. there would be marks that excluded Irish adult females. These had the words. â€Å"No Irish Need Apply† ( NINA ) printed in bold letters. forbiding Irish immigrants to work. The Industrial Revolution brought awful conditions. low wage cuts for longer hours and unsafe machinery. Because of this. labour brotherhoods were formed. Workers would fall in into brotherhoods and protest in a group to their foreman because they thought that working in a group would do the foremans think more intently. The foremans thought it was economically smarter to do understandings with the workers than to fire them and engage new workers with no experience in. There were two types of labour brotherhoods in mills: a closed store or an unfastened store. These two greatly affected the American industrial worker because in a closed store. every worker must fall in the brotherhood and if non ; they could confront serious effects such as being beat up and unfastened store is a mill where workers are non required to fall in the brotherhood. Labor brotherhoods had tactics of their ain in order to try to acquire their manner. They would frequently boycott. or travel on work stoppage. These labour brotherhoods garnered tonss of attending and made the public aware of how atrocious the mill workers were. Most of them went on work stoppage in order to acquire the issue out and about. Many labour brotherhoods were organized but few were successful. The National Labor Union. organized in 1866. and included about 600. 000 members. skilled or unskilled and even husbandmans. although they excluded the Chinese and did non seek to include adult females and inkinesss. Because of this. the Colored National Labor Union was created by inkinesss themselves but the differences did non let them to work together. The National Labor brotherhood strongly advocated for eight hr working daies. Another brotherhood called the Knights of Labor emerged that first began as a secret society. Their intent was to include all workers in â€Å"one large brotherhood. † They allowed everyone: inkinesss. Whites. work forces. adult females. the skilled and unskilled. Terence V. Powderly led this brotherhood to win several work stoppages for an eight- hr twenty-four hours. Unfortunately. the Knights of Labor were involved in a violent protest called Haymarket Square. They were mistaken to be associated with nihilists and this brought them to their ruin. Finally. a successful brotherhood shows up called the American Federation of Labor ( AFL ) . founded by Samuel Gompers. which merely allowed skilled workers. In the terminal. normally the direction won with the strikers holding small betterment. Immigration and labour brotherhoods strongly impacted the American. Immigrants largely impacted the American industrial worker negatively. because of more competition to gain occupations and besides the immigrant’s willingness to work for lower rewards. Labor brotherhoods wer e created in order to assist the workers. but in the terminal. both created tenseness and depersonalized the work infinite.

Human Disease And Their Control Follow Up Questions 1a) When People Re

Human Disease and Their Control follow up questions 1a) When people refer to pathogens, they are talking about bacteria that cause disease. 1b)The toxins actually excreted by the pathogens are the main cause of diseases although thetoxins are only by-products of the pathogen's metabolism. 2a)In most cases, the toxins excreted by the pathogens find there way into the circulatory system. Thus, sometimes, the infection is caused somewhere else from where the toxins were excreted. An example of this would be Rheumatic fever. The toxins that ca Yet another example of where the disease is in a different location then where the toxin was released is Dipheria. The pathogen that causes Diptheria is usually located in the throat. As the toxin is released, it travels all the way to affect limb muscle 2b) Examples of where the disease is at the site of the bacteria could be Tetanus and Tuberculosis. The tetanus bacteria releases a deadly toxin which can affect the whole body which causes paralyz ation. As it affects the whole body, the disease would mos 3a) In our environment, we encounter all sorts of micro-organisms. Sometimes these air-borne diseases are pathogens and could cause and make one sick. Examples of air-borne pathogens that cause diseases are the ones that cause whooping cough, scarlet feve 3b) An example for this kind of transmission would be the kind of pathogens found in feces. Typhoid fever is one of the kinds of diseases that are transmitted through water as these pathogens are found in feces. The feces released would sooner or later fi 4a) Besides transmitting disease through everyday drinking water and the air, another way of transmitting diseases are by contact. Chicken Pox and Small Pox are some of the many diseases that can be caused by contact. 4b) Veneral diseases like gonorrhea and syphilis can also be transmitted by contact. 5a) An example of a disease that can be transmitted if there is a wound would be our very familiar Tetanus. An example of how someone would acwuire tetanus from a wound would be like this: The construction worker moves around a lot and works very hard. Down on the floor is a tetanus infected nail. As the worker is too busy caring for his job, he accidently steps on the nail and gives the tetanus bacteria a chance to get into the body. The 6a) Immune carriers can be classified as those who have recovered from a certain disease and is immune to it, but still carries the pathogens. The immune carriers show no indecation of a disease with no symptoms, but this carrier can still trnasmit these 6b) One major disease carrier is the Anthropod. They pick up the pathogens in their food, where they walk and other places. As they carry the disease, they move to other places either for food or shelter purposes. When they bite or sting other organisms, 7) The skin is the main protector from pathogens. The first line of defense is the structure of the skin itself. It is almost impossible for pathogens to pass the skin layer. Those who do would go through the pores in our skin. The second line of defense 8a) Some cells that engulf pathogens are known as phagocytes. This is so because the phagocytes engulf the pathogens through a special process known as phagocytosis. An example of a phagocyte would be blood cells known as leucocytes. The whole job of thes 8b) What many people refer to as Pus is actually the left overs of dead leucocytes and pathogens. 8c) Serious infections cause the swelling of the nymph nodes as there are too many dead leucocytes and pathogens to store for excretion from the body. 9a) Antigens are foriegn proteins to the human body. In turn, these foreign proteins cause a reaction. Usually, the main cause of these foreign proteins would be toxins from pathogens or micro-organisms. 9b) When an antigen enters the body, a certain reaction occurs. When it has been found out that an antigen really is present, it causes the spleen and the lymph nodes to produce a substance know n as antibody. This antibody is a specifically desgined aubst 9c) An antitoxin is a kind

Robert Lee Frost Was An American Poet English Literature Essay Essay Example

Robert Lee Frost Was An American Poet English Literature Essay Essay Example Robert Lee Frost Was An American Poet English Literature Essay Essay Robert Lee Frost Was An American Poet English Literature Essay Essay Essay Topic: Poes Poetry The Poetry of Robert Frost Robert Lee Frost, named after his male parents idol Robert E. Lee, was born on March 26, 1874 in San Francisco, California. He was born to William Prescott Frost Junior and Isabelle Moodie Frost. William and Isabelle had met while working as instructors to a little school in Lewiston, Pennsylvania. The two were married March 18, 1875 and settled in San Francisco, California. William was a journalist, unsuccessful politician, and teacher while Isabelle was besides teacher. Isabelle was an immigrant of Scots line of descent while William was descended from New England lineage. William s male parent, Robert Lee Frost s gramps, was Nicholas Frost who had come to New Hampshire on board the Wolfana from Tiverton, Devon, England in 1634. William was the eldest of the twosome who gave birth to his younger sister, Jeanie, two old ages subsequently. Although satisfied with their little household, multiple complications, both physical and emotional began to strive Isabelle and William s matrimony. William was an bizarre alky with really eccentric inclinations and curious penchants. He was a loud, authoritarian journalist who ever carried a rifle ; it was noted that he besides kept an obscene jar of pickled bull testiss in apparent position on his work desk. Frost s female parent was the polar antonym of her hubby but non in a positive facet. Isabelle was an improbably soft spoken adult female who was invariably combating her overpowering depression. The twosome s different personalities caused much nervous tenseness and strife during their old ages of matrimony. These contentions in their matrimony caused an addition in William s already inordinate intoxicants intake which led to his unfortunate decease in 1885 from TB when Robert was twelve. William had stated, prior to his ill-timed decease that he wished to be buried in his pl ace of birth of Massachusetts. Wishing to carry through his concluding petitions, Isabelle moved with Robert and Jeanie across the provinces and settled in her late hubby s hometown of Lawrence, Massachusetts with his parents. After paying off her late hubby s debts and traveling in with his parents, Isabelle began learning in-between school in Salem, New Hampshire. Robert and Jeanie were pupils at the in-between school where their female parent educated. The household adjusted appropriately to their different life. Isabelle and Robert even became a member of the Swedenborgian church although the latter left as an grownup. It was around this clip that Robert discovered his abilities as a author. While go toing Lawrence High School, Robert promoted his first two efforts at literature in the school newssheet. Although non widely reviewed, his two verse forms provided a foundation to his hereafter in literature. In 1892, Robert graduated from Lawrence High School as co-valedictorian to his schoolmate Elinor White. Robert registered for Dartmouth College after graduating from Lawrence High School. Robert s college experience was stopped suddenly after less than a semester when he un-enrolled to happen work elsewhere. Queerly, he was enrolled long plenty to be accepted into Theta Delta Chi fraternity. After his un-enrollment, he found income in making many little occupations. He began working as a newspaper bringing male child, a light bulb fibril modifier, a labour mill worker, and as a instructor at the school where his female parent taught. Although these occupations brought in a little beginning of income, they left him experiencing unrealized. Robert knew that his true passion was in his poesy. Robert was non merely unsuccessful in his poetic ends, but he was non making really good romantically either. Ever since their graduation in 1892, Robert had been seeking to capture fellow co-valedictorian Elinor White. Although Robert was really sincere in his love he was still rejected by Elinor. On one case he had tried to win her over by offering her a book of his poesy. She was evidently non really impressed because she turned him down one time once more. Feeling burdened by his occupation loss, college ejection, and romantic failures Robert was surrounded by wretchedness. He had been unsuccessful at printing any nice poesy. Besides he was still unable to obtain the love of Elinor White. Recognizing at that place was non much for him in his current state of affairs he strove to do a alteration. He packed a few minor necessities and took a trip down south to Dismal Swamp located around the North Carolina-Virginia country. Dismal Swamp, despite its rugged home ground and unwelcoming name, was a often visited by a assortment of people. Many poets would see this topographic point for thoughts in order to do poetry bosom interruption and love strivings. Robert went at that place in the hopes of holding a similar experience. Originally Robert had the hopes of perpetrating self-destruction as a dramatic terminal to his life, but he was stopped by a opportunity brush. He came upon a group of duck huntsmans and exhausted clip with their group. The clip he spent with them gave him a new mentality on life. After disbursement clip with the duck huntsmans he blessed with a train ticket by his female parent and returned place. He did non enter what really happened in the swamp, but most of the events were noted in his verse form Kitty hawk . This trip to the Dismal Swamp seemed to hold had some consequence. After his return from Dismal Swamp, Robert had his first verse form published. The Independent, a New York newspaper, was the 1 who published his first piece, My Butterfly . Not merely was his professional life get downing but he was holding a better romantic life every bit good. He proposed matrimony to Elinor one time once more and this clip she accepted but she wished to acquire her grade from St. Lawrence University before matrimony. He had begun to go to Harvard University and while there he and Elinor were married December 19, 1895. For the following two old ages, he studied broad humanistic disciplines but after experiencing restless he dropped out and sought to happen a better life for him and Elinor. Prior to his decease, Robert s gramps had left an old farm for Robert in his will. The farm was located in Derry, New Hampshire and it was here where Robert and Elinor started their household.

The traditional model of public administration Essay

The traditional model of public administration - Essay Example The characteristics of this bureaucratic state were set out most clearly by the German sociologist Max Weber in 1920, with strong echoes of earlier writings by the American Woodrow Wilson (Hughes, 1998): Further refinement of the traditional model of public administration came through the application of private sector based ideas of 'scientific management', which introduced efficient operational methods based on standardization of tasks, 'one best way' of fitting workers to tasks, and systematic control of tasks, processes, and workers (Hughes, 1998,33-34). These principles were easily adapted to bureaucratic structures. A final addition to the traditional model was the application of the insights of social psychology, in a 'human relations' approach which is often contrasted with the scientific management approach, but in practice sought to achieve greater efficiency of performance too, though by paying attention to the need to motivate workers rather than merely control and direct them (Hughes, 1998, 35-6). Unfortunately,Unfortunately, the ideal bureaucracy model had never happened in the real life. The critique of the traditional model is based in a comparison of the 'ideal' model of bureaucracy with what happens in real systems of public administration. The following differences can be identified: i. In many systems there is no clear separation between policy and administration, either in terms of decision-making processes or the respective roles of administrators and politicians, which are often fused together. ii. Decision-making processes do not, in any case, conform to the rules of technical and economic rationality, but are affected and shaped by processes of conflict, negotiation and exchange between interests both internal and external to the state bureaucracy iii. Hierarchy and centralization combine with a formal, sometimes slavish adherence to rules and procedures to produce defects (or bureaucratic

The Human Aspects of Project Management and its Influence on Project Essay

The Human Aspects of Project Management and its Influence on Project Performance - Essay Example In the book Leading Change, Kotter has used the word urgency to describe the first phase so as to get a head start into the process of project management. This has to do with taking stock of competitive and market realities with a focus on crises and opportunities. (Kotter, 1996; Pp 242 - 340) This has been paralleled in Organizational Behavior and Management through a focus on competitive advantage which can be described as follows: (Ivancevich et al, 2004; Pp 49 - 53) This brings us to a discussion on the technicalities of the model proposed by Porter. Porters Five Forces model provides suggested points under each main heading. When taken into consideration individually, each of these gives rise to the development of a broad and sophisticated analysis of competitive position. (Barney, 2007; Pp 10 - 34) This may further be used during the creation of a strategy, plans, or even where making investment decisions about a business or organization is concerned. These five competitive forces determine industry profitability and attractiveness apart from being responsible for shaping the prices that firms can charge, the costs they have to bear, and the required investments to engage in industry level competition. We are concerned with the fact that Porter’s essentially ahistorical approach cannot provide a full account of either a nation’s competitive advantage and corporate strategies or the growth and development of industrial clusters. (Porter, 1998; Pp 35 - 42) According to Kotter, this phase has to do with teamwork and leadership with a focus on integrating the two so as to bring out the best in each individual employee. (Kotter, 1996; Pp 242 - 340) To begin with, the way Ivancevich et al have described the principles of teamwork closely resembles the principles of scientific management as laid down by F W Taylor. Developed by Frederick W Taylor in the early 20th century, Scientific Management is a science based system of organizing the

The Discovery of the Rosetta Stone Essay Example for Free

The Discovery of the Rosetta Stone Essay The Discovery of The Rosetta Stone One of the most important by-products of the French invasion of Egypt was the knowledge gathered by the scientists and historians who journeyed along with the army. But, of all the discoveries made, the most important was the Rosetta Stone, the key that unlocked the ancient marvels of Egypt. Do any of you know what the Rosetta Stone is? The Rosetta stone is a very important artifact that was discovered during the French invasion of Egypt in the year 1799. You may ask why this is important. Well because of the Rosetta Stone, the historians and scientists now understand ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics. Previous to the discovery, Egyptian writing had been indecipherable. It was August 20th 1799 when the slab of dark stone was uncovered where the soldiers had knocked down a wall of Fort St. Julien. They sent it back to France to be studied. When the French surrendered Egypt to Britain in 1801, the conquerors also decided that the stone be surrendered, also. It was taken the British Museum. It wasn’t until more than 20 years later did someone start to decipher the writing. A British Scientist, Thomas Young and a French scholar Jean Champollion both contributed to the translation we have today. Then, it took another 20 years to interpret the whole slab. The text on the stone is a decree from Ptolemy V, describing the repeal of various taxes and instructions to raise the statues in temples. The Rosetta Stone is 45 inches high at its highest point, 28. inches wide and 11 inches thick. It weighs nearly 2,000 pounds and is currently described as a ganodiorite of a dark grey-pinkish color. Despite vigorous campaigns to return the Rosetta Stone to Egypt, it remains in the British Museum, as it has almost continuously since 1802. So thanks to Napoleon, and the scientists and historians that traveled with him to war, along with the translators of the stone, we now know much more about the ancient Egyptians, and their peculiar style of writ ing.

Capital Punishment :: essays research papers

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Capital Punishment -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Should Christians support the death penalty? The answer to that question is controversial. Many Christians feel that the Bible has spoken to the issue, but others believe that the New Testament ethic of love replaces the Old Testament law. Old Testament Examples Throughout the Old Testament we find many cases in which God commands the use of capital punishment. We see this first with the acts of God Himself. God was involved, either directly or indirectly, in the taking of life as a punishment for the nation of Israel or for those who threatened or harmed Israel. One example is the flood of Noah in Genesis 6-8. God destroyed all human and animal life except that which was on the ark. Another example is Sodom and Gomorrah (Gen. 18-19), where God destroyed the two cities because of the heinous sin of the inhabitants. In the time of Moses, God took the lives of the Egyptians' first-born sons (Exod. 11) and destroyed the Egyptian army in the Red Sea (Exod. 14). There were also punishments such as the punishment at Kadesh-Barnea (Num. 13-14) or the rebellion of Korah (Num. 16) against the Jews wandering in the wilderness. The Old Testament is replete with references and examples of God taking life. In a sense, God used capital punishment to deal with Israel's sins and the sins of the nations surrounding Israel. The Old Testament also teaches that God instituted capital punishment in the Jewish law code. In fact, the principle of capital punishment even precedes the Old Testament law code. According to Genesis 9:6, capital punishment is based upon a belief in the sanctity of life. It says, "Whoever sheds man's blood by man his blood shall be shed, for in the image of God, He made man." The Mosaic Law set forth numerous offenses that were punishable by death. The first was murder. In Exodus 21, God commanded capital punishment for murderers. Premeditated murder (or what the Old Testament described as "lying in wait") was punishable by death. A second offense punishable by death was involvement in the occult (Exod. 22; Lev. 20; Deut 18-19). This included sorcery, divination, acting as a medium, and sacrificing to false gods. Third, capital punishment was to be used against perpetrators of sexual sins such as rape, incest, or homosexual practice. Within this Old Testament theocracy, capital punishment was extended beyond murder to cover various offenses.

The Phenomenon of Human Trafficking

Table of contents 1. Introduction2 2. Definition of Key terms;2 2. 1. Human trafficking2 2. 2. Victim2 3. Victims of human trafficking3 4. Trends in human trafficking3 5. Causes of human trafficking4 5. 1. Poverty and desire for better life of exploited victims4 5. 2. Corruption and the abuse of influence4 5. 3. High profits and Low risk. 5 6. Recruitment strategies for human trafficking victims6 6. 1. Being born in to slavery6 6. 2. Use of force6 6. 3. Fraud6 6. 4. Coercion7 7. SEVERE FORMS OF TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS8 7. 1. Sex Trafficking8 8. Prevention of trafficking in humans8 . 1. Economic alternatives to prevent and deter trafficking8 8. 2. Public awareness and information9 8. 3. Protection and assistance for victims of trafficking9 9. Case study10 9 held for human trafficking – News 2410 10. Conclusion11 11. References12 Introduction The phenomenon of human trafficking or modern-day slavery has received increased media coverage globally; this is because millions of peopl e around the world suffer in silence under slave-like conditions of forced labour and commercial sexual exploitation from which they cannot free themselves. Human trafficking not only continues but appears to be on the rise worldwide primarily because most countries are involved in human trafficking to some extent, either as a place of recruitment, transit or the destination for trafficked individuals. This essay addresses the phenomenon of human trafficking as a form of victimisation and will define key concepts, identify and discuss victims of human trafficking and its trends. The discussion will further look in to the causes of vulnerability to trafficking, reasons for trafficking, strategies for recruiting trafficked people and the responses or courses of action to reduce human trafficking. A case study of recent trafficking issue will also be provided to show the reality of the problem and lastly the conclusion will sum up the discussion in a nutshell. Definition of Key terms; 1 Human trafficking Hodge and Lietz (2007; 163) explain that human trafficking involves the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of people, by the use of force, threat or other forms of coercion, abduction, fraud, and deception. It also includes the abuse of power and position by giving or receiving payments to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation. Exploitation as explained by Hodge and Lietz (2007; 163) include forced prostitution and other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labour and services, servitude and the involuntary removal of organs. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime explain human trafficking as an act of recruiting, transporting, transferring, harbouring or receiving a person through a use of force, coercion or other means, for the purpose of exploiting them (UNODC, 2010). 2 Victim According to Howley and Dorris (2007; 229) victims are persons who have suffered harm, including physical or mental injury, emotional suffering including grief, economic loss and/or substantial impairment of rights accorded them by the state law through acts or omissions that are in violation of the criminal law operating in the territory. Victims of human trafficking Winterdyk and Reichel (2010; 5) states that human traffickers tend to victimize the most vulnerable of the global community consisting mostly young women and children and to a certain extent men. According to Winterdyk and Reichel (2010; 5) victims live in desperate, brutal circumstances behind a wall of secrecy and deception and the victims are often sick due to physical and psychological trauma they experience especially when they try to escape. Bales (2004; 56) further elaborates that traffickers instil trauma through a sense of terror and helplessness and by destroying the victims sense of self. Perpetrators also threaten death and serious harm against victims and their families, they also isolate their victims from sources of information and emotional support where they can get help (Bales, 2004; 56). An explanation by Fichtelberg (2008; 151) clearly states that victims of human trafficking are forced into sex trade industry which includes prostitution, pornography, sex tourism, strip dancing, live-sex shows, servile marriages or illegal labour markets such as sweatshops, farm work, domestic work , industrial work, begging, child soldiers, participating in crime or other activities they did not agree to engage in. Fichtelberg (2008; 152) further elaborates that victims are often â€Å"invisible† as they are often isolated from their family members and other members of their ethnic and religious community and therefore unable to speak the local language and unfamiliar with the culture. Victims may not self-identify themselves as victims of human trafficking due to lack of knowledge about the criminal justice system of the host country, fear of retribution against themselves and their families by traffickers, fear of accusation within their families, post traumatic stress disorder and stigma (Fichtelberg, 2008; 152). Trends in human trafficking According to Hodge & Lietz (2007; 163) determining the number of individuals who are trafficked is difficult due to high levels of secrecy and corruption within the human trafficking industry. Furthermore, victims are often hesitant to share their experiences due to fear of reprisals and as a result estimates of the prevalence of trafficking have varied considerably. Hodge & Lietz (2007;163) further states that approximately 600,000 to 800,000 people are trafficked across international borders annually, of which 70- 80% are female and approximately 50% are children. Among all females, approximately 70% are trafficked for prostitution and other forms of sexual exploitation, while the remaining are males trafficked for forced labour and performing criminal activities for their traffickers (Hodge & Lietz, 2007;163). Causes of human trafficking 1 Poverty and desire for better life of exploited victims According to Logan, Walker and Hunt (2009; 10) poverty is one most important factor in becoming a target of human trafficking because the poverty that the trafficked immigrants experience in their countries of origin is too extreme that it threatens even basic survival, thus making them vulnerable to any promises of better livelihood. Logan, Walker and Hunt (2009; 10) further elaborates that vulnerability to trafficking is on the rise due to a mix of poverty and high levels of population density, infant mortality rate, children younger than 14, civil unrest and violence, cultural acceptance of trafficking and lower levels of food security in those poverty stricken nations. In addition, Logan, Walker and Hunt (2009; 10) explain that impoverished people often want to go to stable and wealthy countries like America for a better life then criminals use their dreams against them and put them into trafficking as they are desperate and willing to accept any opportunity to better their livelihood and help their family members who are also struggling. Corruption and the abuse of influence Surtees (2008;49) explains that corruption of government authorities including politicians, state functionaries, law enforcement officers and immigration officials play a critical role in the operation of human trafficking networks and allows trafficking to continue from, through, and within their countries. Surtees (2008;49) further elaborates that these corrupt officials supports trafficking in many ways; through document falsification, illegal border crossings, overlooking prostitution venues in identifying victims, compromising criminal investigations, lack of investigation and judges dismissing cases or imposing minimal sanctions against international human trafficking networks. Lehti and Aromaa (2007; 125) also states that some individuals within international organized crime syndicates are current or former officials and use their position and/or experience to support criminal ventures. Former members of security agencies, for example, are able to combine their security experience (which includes intimidation and torture) with high-level connections to political, professional and law enforcement agencies, allowing them to function with impunity by hiring legal and business experts as intermediaries or brokers through which they recruit people for trafficking (Lehti and Aromaa, 2007; 125). 3 High profits and Low risk. According to the U. S Department of State (2004) human trafficking is the third most profitable form of international organised crime after narcotics and arms sales. According to this report the sale of trafficked people is generating massive profits for traffickers because unlike narcotics and arms, which are sold once, people who are sold into prostitution and involuntary servitude earn profits continually, year after year, for their exploiters while victims get minimal wages or basically nothing due to debt bondage imposed to them by traffickers (U. S Department of State, 2004). In addition to high profits, Hodge & Lietz (2007; 166) explains that the risks associated with trafficking are quite minimal because prostitution is legal in many places like Germany and Netherlands therefore complicating efforts to incarcerate traffickers. Hodge & Lietz (2007; 166) further elaborates that even in countries where prostitution is clearly illegal, traffickers often go unpunished for their crimes because cases regularly fall apart due to lack of protection for witnesses, family involvement in the trafficking activity and fear of deportation. Furthermore, enforcement efforts usually focus on the women instead of the exploiters, consequently people often attempt to remain unnoticed for fear of being charged, particularly if they are trafficked internationally (Hodge & Lietz, 2007; 166). Recruitment strategies for human trafficking victims A study by Skinner (2008; 131) states that people are trafficked in three main ways which include being born into slavery, use of force i. e. eing kidnapped, sold, or physically forced and by fraud or being tricked. 1 Being born in to slavery According to Skinner (2008; 131) in some countries families may be permanent servants because they were born into it. This is mainly because their families may have been slaves or in debt bondage literally for generations and when they bear children they are automatically under the same circumstances and may be sold to whoever is involved in the human trafficking business. 2 Use of force Skinner (2008; 131) contends that in some countries children are literally sold into slavery out of their will by parents or other caregivers mainly because of the economic situations of the families. Skinner (2008; 131) further states that victims are then raped, beaten, intimidated, tortured and confined so as to control them after they have being sold. Forceful violence as explained by Skinner (2008; 131) is used especially during the early stages of victimisation, known as the ‘seasoning process’, which is used to break the victim’s resistance so as to make them easier to control. In some cases, Skinner (2008; 131) states that people who are often approached to work in the sex industry often refuse and traffickers may kidnap or abduct such individuals and smuggle them to the country of destination to work as slaves or sold to other traffickers. 3 Fraud Hyland (2001; 31) states that traffickers use seemingly legitimate organizations to recruit young women and children in to trafficking situations. This often involves the use of false advertisements promising desperate people a better life in another, usually richer, nation that offers jobs to work as waitresses, maids, landscapers and dancers. In other cases, Hyland (2001; 31) explain that women who work in nightclubs may be approached and promised much higher earnings for doing similar work in wealthier nations only to find that they will be forced in to prostitution and sex related exploitations. According to Hyland (2001; 31) some victims may be made to sign false contracts to make the whole experience seem even more legitimate, and sometimes psychologically binding them even more to the trafficker to erase any suspicions from the victim. Hyland (2001; 32) further states that in some instances, victims are approached by individuals known to their families in their home countries who invite them to come along with them for a job offer but only misleading them into trafficking situations where are often subjected to debt-bondage, usually in the context of paying off transportation fees into the destination countries. 4 Coercion According to the Trafficking Victims Protection Act (2000), traffickers often make representations to their victims that physical harm may occur to them or others should the victim escape or attempt to escape. Such representations can have coercive effects on victims as direct threats to inflict such harm may cause victims to live in fear and become hopeless and hence easy to control. Coercion as explained by the Trafficking Victims Protection Act (2000) means threats of serious harm to or physical restraint of any person, it also includes any scheme, plan, or pattern intended to make a person to believe that failure to perform an act would result in serious harm to or physical restraint against any person; or the abuse or threatened abuse of the legal process SEVERE FORMS OF TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS According to the Trafficking Victims Protection Act (2000), severe forms of trafficking in persons’’ involves sex trafficking in which a commercial sex work is imposed on someone by the use of force, fraud, or coercion. It also includes recruitment, harbouring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for labour or services, through the use of force, fraud, or coercion for the purpose of subjection to involuntary servitude, peonage, debt bondage, or slavery. Sex Trafficking According to Hodge & Lietz (2007; 165) sex trafficking means the recruitment, harbouring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for the purpose of a commercial sex. Hodge & Lietz (2007; 165) further states that sex trafficking is no longer primarily localized in one geographic region but has increasingly become a transnational and a global problem. For example, a young girl may be recruited in Botswana, sold and â€Å"trained† in Italy, with the United States being the ultimate destination. Moreover, Hodge & Lietz (2007; 165) states that traffickers primarily target young women and girls, who are disproportionately affected by poverty, the lack of access to education, chronic unemployment, discrimination, and the lack of economic opportunities in countries of origin. According to Hodge & Lietz (2007; 165) most trafficking victims originate in Asia, Africa, Eastern Europe and to a lesser extent, Latin America while destination countries tend to be wealthy nations like America in which large sex industries like pornography exist or where prostitution is legalized or broadly tolerated as in the case of Germany and Netherlands. Prevention of trafficking in humans 1 Economic alternatives to prevent and deter trafficking According to Beyrer (2001; 547) states that initiatives to enhance economic opportunities for potential victims of trafficking can be used as a method to deter trafficking since the traffickers often target people who live in poverty in the promise for better livelihood. Such initiatives may include microcredit lending programs, training in business development, skills training, and job counselling. Other alternatives as stated by Beyrer (2001; 547) are the provision of grants to nongovernmental organizations that can help to accelerate and advance the political, economic, social, and educational roles and capacities of women in their countries. Furthermore, countries should initiate programs that promote women’s participation in economic decision which can help to empower women economically as they appear to be the primary target and most vulnerable to human trafficking (Beyrer, 2001; 547). 2 Public awareness and information Beyrer (2001; 548) states that countries should establish and carry out programs to increase public awareness on human trafficking particularly among potential victims about the dangers of trafficking and the protections that are available for them. Beyrer (2001; 548) further elaborates that governments should initiate programs to keep children, especially girls, in schools to reduce vulnerability at an early age and to educate persons who have been victims of trafficking. Moreover the development of educational curricula covering issues of human trafficking can also help to create awareness at an early stage Beyrer (2001; 548). Protection and assistance for victims of trafficking According to Beyrer (2001; 549) victim protection begins when a victim is rescued and reunited with their family and continues when they are assisted to rebuild their lives. It may include keeping victims safe from threat, violence and abuse, counselling, help with income generation, education and vocationa l training. Beyrer (2001; 549) further states that prosecution of traffickers ensures the victim receives full justice, including meaningful prosecution of the perpetrator. It requires vigorous law enforcement, fighting corruption, identifying and monitoring trafficking routes, and cross-border coordination. Moreover, Beyrer (2001; 549) further states that protection and assistance of victims can be achieved through policies or framework including government and NGO guiding principles, plans and strategies, which support all of the anti-trafficking initiatives that assist victims. Case study 9 held for human trafficking – News 24 Ermelo – Nine Nigerian men arrested for alleged human trafficking have appeared in the Ermelo Magistrate's Court, Mpumalanga police said on Tuesday. Captain Leonard Hlathi said the men appeared in court on Friday, and their case was postponed to April 16 for a bail application. He said it was alleged that the men forcefully took a number of women from around the country to Ermelo, where they were forced into prostitution. They were given R30 a day for food, and from time to time they were forced to take drugs to ensure they remained addicts. The 12 women, between the ages of 18 and 30, told the police the men took all their earnings and they were not paid for the jobs that they were doing. Home affairs officials confirmed that the suspects applied for asylum in South Africa, and according to the information in their application forms, they do not qualify for asylum. † He said they were being charged under the Sexual Offences Act and for kidnapping. â€Å"These men can consider themselves a bit lucky as human trafficking laws are in the process of being legislated. These acts of the suspects were exactly equivalent to human trafficking. † Source; news24. com The above case study reflects on the reality of the problem of human trafficking in South Africa as it the case in all countries around the world. According to the case study it is evident that traffickers target mostly young women who are more vulnerable and defenceless. As already discussed trafficking is a sustained by huge profits due to exploitation of the victims, the case study further support that statement as it states that the victims were given only a little amount enough to buy food and the profit they make from forced prostitution goes to the perpetrators. Conclusion In conclusion, women, children and people in general are not property to be bought and sold, used and discarded. Rather, they are human beings with certain fundamental human rights that prevent them from being sold into slavery. People should therefore know their rights and exercise them and countries should unite and cooperate in the war against human trafficking because it is a very complicated problem that cannot be solved by one country as it is a multinational crime involving highly organised crime syndicates. Citizens should also assist in the war against human trafficking by avoiding flashy job opportunities which often offer unrealistic rewards. At last people should also report suspicious cases of trafficking as this victims often work in public places including restaurants, hotels and massage parlours. References Bales, K. , (2004). Disposable people: New slavery in the global economy. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press Beyrer, C. (2001). Shan women and girls and the sex industry in Southeast Asia: Political causes and human rights implications. Journal of Social Science and Medicine. Vol. 53. (6). Pp. 543–550. Fichtelberg, A. (2008). Crime without borders: An introduction to international criminal justice. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Hodge . R. & Lietz . C. A (2007). The International Sexual Trafficking of Women and Children . Journal of Women and Social Work. Vol. 22 (2). Pp. 163-174. Howley, S. , & Dorris, C. (2007). Legal rights for crime victims in the criminal justice system. (3rd ed. , Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Hyland, K. (2001). Protecting human victims of trafficking: An American framework. Berkeley Women’s Law Journal. Vol. 16 (3). Pp. 29-71. Lehti, M. , & Aromaa, K. (2007). Trafficking in humans for sexual exploitation in Europe. International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice. vol. 31 (7). Pp. 123–45. Logan. T. K. , Walker . R. & Hunt . G. (2009). Understanding Human Trafficking in the United States. Trauma Violence Abuse. vol. 10. (1). Pp. 3-30 Skinner, E. B. (2008). A crime so monstrous: Face-to-face with modern-day slavery. New York: Free Press Trafficking Victims Protection Act (2000), Human trafficking. (URL accessed 21 march 2010); http://www. state. gov/g/tip/rls/tiprpt/2007/86205. html United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2010). Human trafficking. URL (accessed 20 March 2010): http://www. unodc. org/unodc/en/human-trafficking/what-is-human-trafficking. html

Essay on Case Study on International Joint Business Ventures

Executive Summary Attaining global competence when entering into international joint ventures, in order to be successful, is dependent on developing a strategic approach to Human Resource Management (HRM) that ties to Business Strategies and to the overall Organization’s mission, vision, goals and objectives. Through problem analysis of this case, this paper will show evidence that international initiatives must be tailored to implement HR policies and practices that will complement the workforce taking in consideration sensitivity issues internal and external to the home-country, cultural awareness and differences in standards such as education and diversity. It will be stated that remedies that would bring about organizational†¦show more content†¦This appears to be a movement towards a Global Strategy and an Integrative IHRM approach, an approach that includes a blend of parent practices with host practices of human resource management. 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